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Nutrients for Memory and what we used in the trial:

 

 

 

 

 

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see below for the table of contents
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Nutrients for Memory Table of Contents

 

Introduction           2
Table of Contents                     4
Table of figures 11
Chapter 1: Diet can be powerful                           13
Age and delaying dementia               13
The Nurses’ Health Study                       13
The MIND diet   14
Rush Memory and Aging Project                           15
Supplements to improve cognition                 17
The Hawaii Dementia Prevention Trial     18
Chapter 2: Overview of Alzheimer’s disease             22
Changes to the brain in Alzheimer’s disease             23
What are amyloid plaques                   25
Meet tau tangles                         27
An epidemic of Alzheimer’s disease               29
Junk food, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease         30
Diabetes and dementia risk               31
Drugs and Alzheimer’s disease   31
Prevalence of dementia                             33
Chapter 3: Food and nutrient changes that worked                 36
Vitamin E                     36
Advanced glycation endproducts                         37
Berries for memory               39
Vascular dementia and saturated fat         40
Supplements used in the trial       42
Two B-vitamins 42
SAMe       42
Antioxidants           43
Vitamin E supplement used               44
Vitamin C supplement used             45
Coenzyme Q10 45
Four antioxidant minerals                     46
Two medical plants used                         48
Ginkgo biloba       48
Centella asiatica (gotu kola)               48
Chapter 4: Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and SAMe                       50
How amyloid plaques are made                           50
How two B-vitamins reduce the formation of amyloid plaques     52
Folate and vitamin B12 transform homocysteine into SAMe.             54
Homocysteine and Alzheimer’s disease 55
Are we getting enough Folate and Vitamin B12?                             57
Getting enough vitamin B12             59
SAMe and Alzheimer’s disease   62
Chapter 5: Advanced Glycation Endproducts           65
Absorption of AGEs               66
Formation of AGEs                 67
AGEs as a cause of brain damage in Alzheimer’s disease                           70
Cooking methods to reduce AGEs in food                       72
Chapter 6: Antioxidants and Alzheimer’s disease                         74
Vitamins E and C protect brain cell membranes from free radical attack 75
Causes of excess free radicals       76
Radiation and medical testing as sources of free radicals                         77
Plant Antioxidants Defend Us from Free Radicals                         78
Vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease                   79
Why synthetic vitamin E is ineffective         80
Food sources of vitamin E                     84
Vitamin C and Alzheimer’s disease                 86
Dietary sources of antioxidants 88
Plant antioxidants                   90
Antioxidants made in your body                           94
Protecting our little energy factories, the mitochondria   96
Coconut oil, ketones, and mitochondrial function                       97
Coenzyme Q10, the only fat-soluble antioxidant made in the body                   99
Are statins related to memory loss?             101
Antioxidant content in diets             104
Chapter 7: Saturated fat and dementia   106
Saturated fat in diets         109
Blood cholesterol and risk of Alzheimer’s disease                       111
Oxidized dietary cholesterol and vascular dementia               112
Crystallized cholesterol 117
Lowering cholesterol using phytosterols                           119
Fiber and blood cholesterol               121
Chapter 8: Medical plants to treat Alzheimer’s disease     123
Ginkgo biloba       123
How does ginkgo work?                           123
How ginkgo protects brain cells 125
Ginkgo and bleeding           126
Ginkgo and memory           126
Gotu kola                     127
Gotu kola as an antioxidant               128
Gotu kola improves memory scores             128
Gotu kola for memory in healthy elders 129
Chapter 9: Exercise and Alzheimer’s disease             130
Exercise and vascular dementia 131
Muscle strength and Alzheimer’s disease                       131
Exercise decreases brain shrinkage                 132
Exercise can reduce risk of dementia           132
Exercise can cut risk of dementia in half                             133
More exercise cuts risk further   133
Chapter 11: Environmental toxins and Alzheimer’s disease                 135
Seafood, mercury, and DHA             135
Organophosphate pesticides and dementia               137
Organochlorines and dioxins         138
Aluminum, does it cause Alzheimer’s disease?     139
Chapter 12: Nutritional approaches to Alzheimer’s disease                 141
Acknowledgements               144
Index       145
Reference citations               150
 
Table of figures
Figure 1   Three supplements helped cognition     18
Figure 2   Improvement in our trial                     19
Figure 3   No degeneration was noted with food changes                           20
Figure 4   Normal decline of memory score                   20
Figure 5   Normal brains on the left and advanced Alzheimer’s disease on the right                           23
Figure 6   Amyloid plaques look like fuzz balls between neurons.                             25
Figure 7     Amyloid plaques and tau tangles                   26
Figure 8   Tangled neuron looks like a fried egg     27
Figure 9   The great increase in Alzheimer's death rate       29
Figure 10 Dementia forecast for less developed countries                       33
Figure 11 Forecast increase in Alzheimer's disease                   34
Figure 12 Types of dementia graph                 40
Figure 13 Folate and vitamin B12 and amyloid plaque       51
Figure 14 How amyloid plaque is formed                         52
Figure 15 Homocysteine and B-vitamins                             54
Figure 16 Folate can be low on an American diet                           57
Figure 17 Folate in food from the Diet Doctor         59
Figure 18 Folate and vitamin B12 in diets                         61
Figure 19 List of foods highest in AGEs     69
Figure 20 Synthetic vitamin E structure   82
Figure 21 Nut and seed sources of vitamin E             85
Figure 22 Vitamin E in some common foods             86
Figure 23 Vitamin C in food graph                     88
Figure 24 Antioxidants in common diets                           89
Figure 25 A tiny amount of manganese on an Atkin's diet                       96
Figure 26 Cognitive performance among the elderly in relation to the intake of plant foods. The Hordaland Health Study.                     105
Figure 27 Saturated fat in various food servings 108
Figure 28 A mostly clogged artery                       110
Figure 29 LDL diagram showing signaling proteins                       115
Figure 30 Cholesterol crystals in plaque 118
Figure 31 Sources of plant sterols to block cholesterol       120

 

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